Some publications cover the data on the study of the genetic structure and diversity of Asian and European populations of plane lace bugs using analysis of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites. The results of monitoring lace bugs using molecular genetic methods will allow us to assess the variability of the genetic structure of invasive pest populations and intraspecific genetic diversity, which will make it possible to conclude about their further spreading and harmfulness under new conditions. This includes knowledge of the genetic structure of populations, migration processes, conditions of acclimatization, ethology, reproductive abilities and trophic relationships of the studied species. Successful implementation of programs for controlling the number of harmful arthropods requires knowledge of the phenology, dynamics of the number and genetics of pest populations. Despite the widespreading and invasive style of the lace bug development, the specific features of population genetics, biology, and harmfulness have been poorly studied. As a result of severe damage caused by plane lace bugs, there is not only a sharp weakening of tree stands, but also favorable conditions are created for the development of diseases that can cause their death. The adults and nymphs of the plane lace bug, which are observed throughout the growing season (March-November), severely damage the crowns of plane trees, significantly reduce photosynthesis and weaken the trees. In 2017, this pest was classified by the Eurasian Economic Union as a quarantine insect species. ciliata was first registered in 1999 in the city of Krasnodar on the crown of a plane tree ( Platanus) and currently covers the western, central parts and almost the entire Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Krai. In 2014 the bug colonies were found on plane trees in the Republic of South Africa (Cape Town). In 2002, an invasive pest was first detected in China, in the Hunan province, afterwards it spread to 11 provinces and concentrated along the Yangtze River basin. Then the species spread to other European countries: Croatia, Slovenia (1972), South of France (1975), Hungary (1976) South Austria (1983), Switzerland (1983), the former Czechoslovak Republic (1986), Bulgaria (1986), Greece (1988). From North America, the bug entered Europe and was first registered in Italy in 1966. The plane lace bug ( Corythucha ciliata Say) is a natural inhabitant of North America. Sometimes the invasion of adventive species has the character of emergency situations – the so-called “entomogenic catastrophes”, a striking example of which are the invasions of lace bugs. The study of alien insect species becomes a matter of environmental and economic security of countries, because many of them cause huge damage to agriculture and forestry, destroy local ecosystems. Invasions of adventitious pests are a great problem of our time caused by globalization processes leading to wide transport communication between continents, states and regions.
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020 The analyzed insect samples are concluded to be subpopulations of one plane lace bug population. ciliata (Nm = 4.56) and a high degree of genetic similarity between them at the intraspecific level. A significant drift of genes was revealed between the populations of C.
It shows that the majority of the genetic variation (90.2 %) is intrapopulation, while the interpopulation variation accounts for 9.8 % of the total. RAPD analysis of geographic populations of plane lace bug from various parts of Krasnodar Krai revealed a high level of DNA polymorphism, genetic diversity, genetic similarity and the absence of significant differences between the samples for these indicators. * Corresponding author: article presents the results of studying the phenology and dynamics of the number of plane lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say. Ekaterina Besedina 1 *, Vladimir Kil 2, Vladimir Ismailov 1 and Maria Karpunina 2ġ All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, p/o 39, Krasnodar, 350039, RussiaĢ Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., Krasnodar, 350058, Russia